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ELISA Testing -- A Regulatory Revolution World Racing Rules on Equine Medications
 
Thomas Tobin
Publications/Books/Symposia/Research/Papers
  • 340-plus papers. Index and Listing are below.  The listing does not include papers published prior to 1975 mostly in the area of the biochemical pharmacology of sodium transport and Na-K-ATPase.
    (Click HERE for papers prior to 1975)
  • 100-plus abstracts, two books, four volumes of proceedings. Numerous articles published and reprinted in lay journals..
  • Drugs and the Performance Horse, by Thomas Tobin. Foreword by HRH, The Duke of Edinburgh. 480 pp., Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas, 1981.
  • Equine Drugs and Vaccines: A Guide for Owners and Trainers, Eleanor Kellon with Thomas Tobin. 336 pp., Breakthrough Press, 1994.
  • Proceedings of the Workshop on Testing for Therapeutic Medications, Environmental and Dietary Substances in Racing Horse. 218 pages, 1995.
  • Furosemide in the Horse: Its Actions, Effects, and Regulatory Control.  Proceedings of a Testing Integrity Program Workshop and Seminar, 124 pages, Wind Publications, 2000.

   

Click on the book for further information:

Publications Subject Index & Publications List

1975 to 2003

SUBJECT Paper # Year published
ACEPROMAZINE 
Atypical conditions/ quantitative recovery 61 1981
Blockage of fentanyl locomotor response 73 1982
Pharmacology & behavior (variable interval) 74 1981
Pharmacokinetics & pharmacology 78 1982
ELISA & PCFIA detection 144 1988
ELISA detection 150 1988
Non-isotopic immunoassays (review) 156 1989
Hematocrit values as threshold indicator 172 1992
Effects on spontaneous locomotor activity 250 1997
ACIDIFICATION OF URINE
Population distribution & methods 139 1990
Population parameters & methods 151 1988
ACUPUNCTURE
Influence on pain threshold 273 1999
AGONISTS,  a2-
Detection of detomidine by RIA 153 1989
Detomidine clearance by ELISA 180 1992
Immobilization of goats using detomidine 210 1997
Amitraz, detomidine and locomotor activity 224 1997
Antinociception & sedative effect of amitraz 231 1998
Amitraz, detomidine, acepromazine and activity 250 1997
Serum concentrations, effects of oral detomidine 271 2002
Biotransformation, pharmacokinetics of guanabenz 289 2003
Comparative clinical effects, pharmacodynamics 290
Pharmacodynamics of guanabenz and related ... 299
ELISA assay for guanabenz 314
Detection and confirmation method for amitraz 322
ELISA assay for guanabenz 333
ALBUTEROL (TORPEX®)
ELISA detection times 295 2002
ELISA detection times, preliminary report 297
ALFENTANIL (ALFENTA®)
RIA & ELISA detection 148 1988
ELISA & RIA detection 155 1989
AMANTADINE
Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics  209 1996
Overview of pharmacology, side effects 227 1996
Preliminary report: pharmacokinetics 246 1995
AMITRAZ
Effect on spontaneous locomotor activity 224 1997
Antinociception & sedative effect 231 1998
Locomotor activity  250 1997
Detection and confirmation method 322
ANABOLIC STEROIDS
Androgen group of drugs 26 1978
Use & excretion data 169 1989
ANALGESICS
Furosemide & pentazocine urinary concentration 18 1977
Furosemide & pentazocine disposition 22 1978
Detection & pharmacokinetics of pentazocine 27 1979
Detection of pentazocine & fentanyl 31 1979
Opiate receptor 32 1978
Locomotor effects/ fentanyl & apomorphine 38 1979
Six drugs: morphine, meperidine, pentazocine, etc 39 1979
Quantitation & blockage/ locomotor response 40 1978
Selective blockage/ locomotor response 46 1981
Review: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 55 1979
Pharmacokinetics & locomotor response of fentanyl 59 1979
Detection of morphine (GC) 65 1981
Method for pain perception 104 1985
Autonomic & behavioral response of fentanyl 106 1985
 -Opioid receptor narcotics 110 1985
RIA screening (3H) of fentanyl 123 1986
RIA screening (123I) of fentanyl 126 1986
Detection & pain measurement 127 1989
Pharmacology of methylated analogs of fentanyl 133 1989
Review of fentanyl 134 1988
PCFIA detection of fentanyls 136 1987
RIA, PCFIA & ELISA detection 137 1987
ELISA detection of fentanyls 140 1988
RIA & ELISA detection of fentanyls, alfentanil 148 1988
Detection of detomidine by RIA 153 1989
ELISA & RIA detection of fentanyls, alfentanil 155 1989
Tranquilizers, local anesthetics and... 168 1989
Detomidine clearance by ELISA 180 1992
Immobilization of goats using detomidine 210 1997
Amitraz, detomidine and locomotor activity 224 1997
Antinociception & sedative effect of amitraz 231 1998
Lack of anesthetic efficacy of fentanyl in abaxial sesamoid block model 245 1999
Amitraz, detomidine, acepromazine and activity 250 1997
Detection of remifentanil 270 2000
Serum concentrations, effects of oral detomidine 271 2002
Detection of metabolite of remifentanil  280 2000
ELISA detection of remifentanil  283 2000
Biotransformation, pharmacokinetics of guanabenz 289 2003
Comparative clinical effects, pharmacodynamics 290
Pharmacodynamics of guanabenz and related ... 299
ELISA assay for guanabenz 314
Detection and confirmation method for amitraz 322
ELISA assay for guanabenz 333
ANILERIDINE
Behavioral response (foot-step counts) 39 1979
Locomotor response 59 1979
ANTIBIOTICS
Chemotherapy in the horse 35 1978
Review: streptomycin, gentamicin, etc 52 1979
Overview in equine medicine 60 1979
AORC
Uniform drug classification guidelines 256 1998
APOMORPHINE
GC detection 7 1976
TLC method 36 1978
Locomotor response 38 1979
Locomotor response 59 1979
Enzyme hydrolysis & TLC detection 70 1982
Locomotor activity 250 1997
ELISA assay  315
AZAPERONE (STRESNIL®)
Metabolite identification 178 1996
ELISA detection 181 1992
BEHAVIOR CHAMBER
Locomotor quantitation of medications 217 1996
Development and characterization of; also effects of amitraz, detomidine 224 1997
Development and locomotor activity; amitraz, detomidine, acepromazine 250 1997
BEHAVIOR RESPONSE
Procaine: Observed excitation 5 1977
Procaine: Observed excitation 10 1976
Methylphenidate: Variable interval training 20 1981
Pentazocine & fentanyl: Locomotor 31 1979
TLC method for pentazocine 36 1978
Narcotic analgesics: Locomotor, eating  39 1979
Reserpine: Locomotor 42 1979
Reserpine: Locomotor 43 1978
Reserpine & Cocaine: Variable interval training 58 1979
Narcotic analgesics: Locomotor 59 1979
Review of behavioral models 73 1982
Acepromazine: Variable interval training  74 1981
Acepromazine: Variable interval training 78 1982
Caffeine: Locomotor, enhanced fentanyl response 83 1983
Clenbuterol: Locomotor 94 1983
Fentanyl: Skin twitch/ hoof withdrawal latency 106 1985
Ethylketazocine: Skin twitch/ hoof withdrawal 107 1986
U50,488H: Skin twitch/ hoof withdrawal, locomotor 125 1988
Hordenine: Variable interval training, flehman 129 1990
DADA: Observed responses 135 1988
Locomotor quantitation of medications 217 1996
Cocaine: Locomotor 222
Quantitation of locomotor effect 224 1997
BENZOCAINE (ETHYL AMINOBENZOATE)
Highest no-effect dose determination 189 1996
Local anesthetic efficacy 190 1994
Highest no-effect dose  247 1995
BENZOYLECGONINE
ELISA detection 176 1991
ELISA detection 194 1996
Detection & significance 214 2000
BUMETANIDE (BUMEX®)
Use in horses 14 1977
ELISA detection 158 1994
BUPIVACAINE
Highest no-effect dose 189 1996
Local anesthetic efficacy 190 1994
Pharmacological effects & analytical detection 234 1999
Detection of 3-hydroxybupivacaine 239 1998
Highest no-effect dose  247 1995
BUPRENORPHINE (BUPRENEX®)
ELISA detection (in review) 156 1989
BUTORPHANOL (STADOL®)
Enzyme hydrolysis & TLC detection 70 1982
Locomotor response 73 1982
CAFFEINE
Pharmacology, pharmacokinetics & behavior 83 1983
Interpretation of positive results 203 1994
Methylxanthines in the horse 211 1998
ELISA development 216 1996
Locomotor activity effects 235 2001
Quantitation by ELISA vs GC 267 2001
CARFENTANIL (WILDNIL®)
PCFIA detection 136 1987
RIA, PCFIA & ELISA detection 137 1987
ELISA detection 140 1988
RIA & ELISA detection 148 1988
ELISA & RIA detection 155 1989
Immobilization of goats 210 1997
CASSAINE
Interaction with Na+K+-ATPase 19 1977
CELECOXIB
Qualitative identification 269
Identification and disposition 277 2000
CHLORAMPHENICOL
Interaction with phenylbutazone metabolism 6 1977
CHLORPROMAZINE (THORAZINE®)
Atypical conditions/ quantitative recovery 61 1981
Cross-rectivity with acepromazine ELISA 144 1988
Cross-rectivity with acepromazine ELISA 150 1988
CLEARANCE TIMES
Pentazocine 27 1979
Pentazocine, fentanyl 31 1979
Urinary drug concentrations 33 1978
Reappraisal 71 1982
Clenbuterol 94 1983
Drugs in horses 165 1989
Pyrantel tartrate 175 1991
Detomidine 180 1992
HBPA Proposed National Policy on Drug Testing and Therapeutic Medication 330 2003
World rules on clearance times 335
CLENBUTEROL
Clearance times & behavioral effects 94 1983
Behavior chamber 265
ELISA & GC/MS detection (IT dose) 268 2000
Urinary concentrations: ELISA & GC/MS 274 2001
LC/MS/MS quantitation in serum 275 2001
Method for detection in serum 281 2000
Synthesis of deuterated standard & metabolites 284 2000
COCAINE
Variable interval conditioning response 58 1979
Locomotor & head bowing responses 73 1982
PCFIA detection 152 1989
ELISA detection 176 1991
Highest no-effect dose determination 189 1996
Local anesthetic efficacy 190 1994
ELISA and GC/MS quantification 194 1996
Interpretation of positive results 203 1994
Behavior, ELISA & GC/MS 222
Benzoylecgonine detection 214 2000
Highest no-effect dose  247 1995
LC/MS/MS method 282 2000
Highest no-effect dose, elimination pattern 310 2002
Hepatotoxicity 329 1992
COLORIMETRY
Procaine method 2 1976
Procaine method 3 1976
Procaine method 4 1977
Procaine method 5 1977
Procaine method 15 1977
COTININE
ELISA detection 177 1993
Cross-rectivity with hydroxycotinine ELISA 183 1996
CORTICOSTEROIDS
Review 45 1979
Pharmacology in the horse 63 1980
Anti-inflammatory agents 163 1989
Clinical use & characteristics 185 1993
CYANIDE
Analytical detection and "normal" population data 298
Spectrophotometric detection method 306 2003
Toxicokinetics in the horse 307
Pharmacokinetics of cyanide and mandelonitrile; relevance to MRLS 309
Cherry trees, plant cyanogens, caterpillars and MRLS 316 2003
DETECTION TIMES
Reappraisal 71 1982
Uncertainty 119 1986
Drugs in racing horses 165 1989
Pyrantel tartrate 179 1992
Albuterol 295 2002
Albuterol 297
Factors affecting detection times for NSAIDS (presentation) 326
HBPA Proposed National Policy on Drug Testing and Therapeutic Medication 330 2003
World rules on detection times 335
DETOMIDINE (DOMOSEDAN®)
Variable interval conditioning response 132 1988
RIA detection 153 1989
ELISA detection 180 1992
Immobilization of goats 210 1997
Locomotor activity 250 1997
Delivery mediums and serum concentrations 271 2002
DEUTERATED COMPOUNDS
Synthesis of clenbuterol analog 284 2000
Synthesis and characterization of deuterated furosemide 301
DICLAZURIL
Detection and pharmacokinetics 240 1998
Identification, detection & pharmacokinetics 242 1999
... and EPM 248 1997
Preliminary pharmacokinetics 249 1997
Clinical report 254 2000
EPM therapy 286 2001
Sodium salt formulation 294
DIETARY SUBSTANCES
Significance of dietary anthelmintic pyrantel tartrate 175 1991
Interim report on 1994 workshop 194 1996
1994 Workshop Proceedings 200 1995
Fifties rules, nineties testing 202 1995
Overview of regulatory concern 208 1995
Dietary, environmental and endogenous substances 212 1998
Workshop outcomes 223 1996
Poisoning in horses 226 1997
HBPA Proposed National Policy on Drug Testing and Therapeutic Medication 330 2003
DIISOPROPYLAMINE DICHLOROACETATE (DADA)
Detection (GC), pharmacokinetics & behavior 135 1988
DRUG TESTING (GENERAL)
Testing for drugs in horses 44 1978
Drugs and performance testing in racing horses 54 1979
Testing for drugs in horses 111 1986
EFFICACY AND COST OF TESTING (GENERAL DRUG TESTING)
Illegal medications 97 1985
Illegal medications 115 1985
Drug testing 121 1986
Non-isotopic immunoassays (review) 156 1989
Testing for drugs and medications 201 1995
Equine drug testing 206 1998
Consequences of highly sensitive drug testing 233 1997
The need for limitations on the sensitivity of testing for certain agents 243 1998
Testing for therapeutic medications, analytical/pharmacological relationships 244 1999
Past and future of drug testing, medication regulation (presentation) 325
Pre-purchase and drug testing (presentation) 327
HBPA Proposed National Policy on Drug Testing and Therapeutic Medication 330 2003
"Test of Time" re: ELISA testing (1990 Blood-Horse article) 334 1990
ELECTRO-ACUPUNCTURE
Influence on pain threshold 273 1999
ELISA
Carfentanil 137 1987
Morphine 138 1988
Fentanyl & congeners (methylfentanyls) 140 1988
Mazindol 141 1988
Furosemide 143 1988
Acepromazine 144 1988
Furosemide 146 1988
Mazindol 147 1988
Fentanyl & fentanyl derivatives 148 1988
Morphine 149 1988
Acepromazine 150 1988
Phenylbutazone 154 1989
Fentanyl, alfentanil, sufentanil, carfentanil 155 1989
Review 156 1989
Ethacrynic acid & bumetanide 158 1994
Pre-race testing 160 1988
Post-race testing 161 1988
Backgrounds, sensitivity, pooling, no. of tests 162 1990
Equine medication control 171 1989
Morphine & etorphine 173 1991
Benzoylecgonine & cocaine 176 1991
Cotinine 177 1993
Detomidine 180 1992
Azaperone 181 1992
Procaine 182 1992
trans-3'-Hydroxycotinine 183 1996
Cocaine quanitification 194 1996
Remifentanil (Fentanyl Group) 283 2000
Caffeine 216 1996
Flunixin 219 1996
Methocarbamol 220 1996
Cocaine quanitification 222
Lidocaine identification 261 2000
Caffeine: ELISA vs GC 267 2001
Urinary concentrations of clenbuterol 274 2001
Fentanyl group ELISA for detection of remifentanil, other narcotic analgesics 283 2000
Stanozolol 288 2000
Guanabenz 289 2003
Albuterol 295 2002
Albuterol 297
Amphetamine 312
Ketamine 313
Guanabenz 314
Apomorphine   315
Guanabenz 333
Overview of testing 334 1990
ENDOGENOUS SUBSTANCES
Workshop Proceedings 200 1995
Fifties rules, nineties testing 202 1995
Overview of regulatory concern 208 1995
Dietary, environmental and endogenous substances 212 1998
Workshop outcomes 223 1996
HBPA Proposed National Policy on Drug Testing and Therapeutic Medication 330 2003
ENDOTOXIC SHOCK
Effects of naloxone 79 1984
 -Phenylbutylnitrone effect on endotoxin toxemia 205 1997
ENKEPHALINS
Locomotor activity 80 1982
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSURANCE
Release from petroleum storage tanks 207 1995
ENVIRONMENTAL SUBSTANCES
Workshop Proceedings 200 1995